Ephesians 5:25 “Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it;”
"BACON
was the only philosopher of the period who was not a mathematician. He
thought he could solve everything by material evidence, examined by an
exceptionally sharp wit - and, my goodness, he was intelligent!"~~~Kenneth Clark: CIVILISATION Ch. 8 The Light of Experience.
La Brea Tar Pits The Pitch Los Angeles Jerusalem Calafatear Alquitrán Shipwright Construcción Naval Zorro
Luke 24:49 "And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you: but tarry ye in
the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high."
Shipwright
An expedition's shipwrights building a brigantine, 1541
Calafateando un barco con brea
Calafatear y pintar una embarcación es cuestión de técnica, de maña, de experiencia y buen hacer
El Calafate, Argentina: Perhaps the biggest tourist attraction in the area, you have to venture
out to Perito Moreno Glacier to have a look at this 70-meters-thick slab
of brilliant blue ice.
Tar bubble at La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
Park La Brea (Los Angeles) - 2019 - Los Angeles, CA
Outside the Page Museum of Los Angeles, life-size replicas of several
extinct mammals are featured at the Rancho La Brea in Hancock Park.
Although commonly called the “tar pits,” the pools are actually
comprised of asphalt.
Park La Brea, Los Angeles, CA
Stephen Shore. Beverly Boulevard and La Brea Avenue, Los Angeles, California, June 21, 1975. 1975
Chess: "La Brea" "Tar Pits" "The Pitch" "Jerusalem" "Los Angeles" "Calafatear" "Alquitrán" "Shipwright" "Construcción Naval" "Zorro"
Logical Positivism
Ernst Mach and Heinrich Hertz
had considered that we were constructing models of the world and that
our entire knowledge was in that sense constructed — nothing but
interpretations of data.Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russel and eventually Ludwig Wittgenstein
led positivism into a new era – the era of the linguistic turn – by
focusing on the statements which we have to make wherever we are
concerned with “facts” and wherever we construct models that refer to
facts. The language of logic became important here. A statement of a fact is
of scientific value as soon as we can think of a verification or a
falsification, of research to substantiate or dismiss this statement.
What you have stated can turn out to be “the case” – as in a “positive”
medical test result in which anti-bodies were detected, or it can turn
out to be “not the case” as in a negative test result, when you show no
signs of the infection. The area of statements that “make sense” in a research project is
apparently wide. “Earth has got two moons” is a statement that makes
sense in a scientific exploration, even though we have already noted
that this is not the case. We can easily discuss the requirements of a
meaningful statement (meanigful in the sciences) and we can already
state that those statements that turn out to be positively true are a
logical subset of all the imaginable statements of things as they could
perhaps be. The statement about the two moons orbiting Earth makes sense, because
we have an idea of what situation we should have if we were to
conclude: yes this is the case. (Some planets actually do have more than
one moon, as we have found out.) A scientific statement is connected to
a notion of the situation in which we would verify or falsify the
assertion. Can we gather all our knowledge about the world in factual statements? – Wittgenstein asked in his ground breaking Tractatus (1922). And: What are the limits of this our knowledge if we can? Both questions are the two crucial positivistic questions which Comte had already asked it in his Dicours sur l’esprit positif
(1844), §13. Positivists are concerned with the limitations of their
statements and of scientific research in general; and they try not to
stretch their statements into metaphysical speculative spheres. The first question – can we use fact statements with the aim to give a
picture of the world as far as we experience it? – received a positive
answer in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus: Whatever we note about the
world or a more specific object of our research, we will be able to cope
with it in factual statements. Any kind of scientific representation of
the world is reducible to fact statements. If I identify an object up
to the point that I can tell it apart from another similar object, then
this is because I can make factual statements of these distinctive
specificities. Translated into a banal situation at the laundry, I will
say “This actually is my jacket, I can identify it because it has this
little flaw, which I remember”. I can make photographs of the specific
aspects to make the identification easier, yet the images will again
only make sense because I will be able to translate the into statements
of facts: “you see on this picture this specific detail which you find
only in this objet none of the others on this table…” Whatever I know as special of the world can be put into statements of
aspects I use to identify it. There are, however statements that are
not verifiable in the same sense: “Thou shalt not kill” is a statement
of quite another class. I may say: “It is a fact that this is a Biblical
command, the statement is found in Exodus 20:13”, but how do I prove
that it is a fact of the world I am experiencing? What would the world
look like if the statement was true? What would it look like if it were
false? The statement is non-descriptive, on another level, voluntary one
might say. Causality is another point of interest here. I can claim: “an object topples as soon as its centre of gravity is no longer above its basis”. I could alternatively claim: “an object topples because
its centre of gravity is no longer above its basis”. Statement two
introduces a new force, the force of causality, into the sphere of
statements, but what is the test with which I can determine that
statement two is needed and that statement one will not do the job in a
description of things as we experience them, or in a grognosis of
events? If we restrict our sciences to entities we need in order to
describe things and to foretell events we will do without causality, so
Wittgenstein in a new consideration of what David Hume had already considererd and what Comte had reaffirmed. Ludwig Wittgenstein’s considerations were in the 1920s embedded in a move of debates promoted by groups such as the Vienna Circle with Rudolf Carnap, Kurt Gödel, Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath.
The second wave of considerations that dealt basically with language
and the questions how we link our statements to the world inspired
linguists and philosophers in the greater movement of the linguistic
turn that led toward structuralism and post-structuralism as large interdisciplinary movements of thought.
Jerusalem Everest Gizah (Great Pyramid) Prov.14:32 "The wicked is driven away in his wickedness: but the righteous hath hope in his death." Prov.14:26 "In the fear of the LORD [is] strong confidence: and his children shall have a place of refuge."
It's not a dream, it's ITALY ♥ Benvenuti in Italia!
Como habrán notado aquellos que se hayan tomado la molestia de revisar este blog, el mismo carece de juicios explícitos de mi parte. Esto es contrario a la norma en la mayor parte de los blogs, donde se prima la opinión y discusión. No obstante esta carencia de opinión explícita, en el blog se pone material que ilustra algún punto o tesis implícita, pero que sólo la imaginación del lector puede conectar. Para la mayor parte de los lectores puede parecer como un mero zambrote de ideas inconexas, he ahí la razón del nombre "potpourri" : olla donde se cuece un zancocho de marcada heterogeneidad. En realidad, estimado lector, más que discursivo o discusional, este blog es una especie de "trillo" señalizado, que debería permitirme una rápida consulta a aquellas pruebas que la vida siempre nos pone por delante y que debemos superar a partir de un fundamento. La superación de dichas pruebas depende en gran medida de la "solidez" del fundamento que nos sustente así como de nuestra habilidad y diligencia para encontrar las respuestas correctas en el contexto que nos depare la vida en ese momento. Como seres pensantes, en gran medida, una acción exitosa viene acompañada o precedida de un concepto adecuado que ilustre, conecte, señale, aclare, fortalezca o escude la acción o el actor. Este blog es una pequeña muestra de ese inquirir vital. Usted y yo señor lector somos los que le damos contenido al Puente. Eso es LEER!
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