Thursday, October 27, 2011

Paracaídas

Paracaídas
Newtonian
Rope
Niagara
La Cuesta
Prov.19:18
"Chasten thy son while there is hope, and let not thy soul spare for his crying."

 E-2C Hawkeye
by U.S. Navy / Corbis

Chess: "Paracaídas" "Newtonian" "Rope " "Niagara" "La Cuesta"

Wednesday, October 26, 2011

Portuguese

St.Bernard
Haunted Houses
Jane Fonda
Rihanna
Lisbon
Portuguese
Bernard of Chartres
Algarve
Prov.19:14
"House and riches are the inheritance of fathers: and a prudent wife is from the LORD."

Great pic of my sis LG



 Haunted Zembo Shrine
Chess: "St.Bernard" "Haunted Houses"  "Jane Fonda" "Rihanna" "Lisbon" "Portuguese" "Bernard of Chartres " Algarve"


Standing on the shoulders of giants


The earliest attribution of the phrase "standing on the shoulders of giants" is to Bernard (by John of Salisbury):
Bernard of Chartres used to say that we [the Moderns] are like dwarves perched on the shoulders of giants [the Ancients], and thus we are able to see more and farther than the latter. And this is not at all because of the acuteness of our sight or the stature of our body, but because we are carried aloft and elevated by the magnitude of the giants.

Bernard of Chartres

Tuesday, October 25, 2011

Gauss

Gauss
The View
James Bond
Math
Vision
Santiago de Compostela
Prov.19:13
"A foolish son is the calamity of his father: and the contentions of a wife are a continual dropping." 


Harlequin Poison Dart Frog , Colombia
by Marent / Minden

Chess: "Gauss" "The View" "James Bond"  "Math" "Vision" "Santiago de Compostela"

Monday, October 24, 2011

Casablanca

Casablanca
Blanca de Castilla
The White House
Blank
Trejos Montealegre, Ron Centenario y Bianca Quesada
Prov.19:11
"The discretion of a man deferreth his anger; and it is his glory to pass over a transgression" 


 Brooklyn Bridge in Pink
by Image Source / Corbis


 Blanca de Castilla
Chess:  "Casablanca" "Blanca de Castilla" "The White House" "Blanc""Blank" "Trejos Montealegre, Ron Centenario y Bianca Quesada"  

Saturday, October 22, 2011

Northumberland

Northumberland
Potter
Hand
Corn
Old McDonald
Viking
Botero
Norse
Gokstadt

Prov.19:8
"He that getteth wisdom loveth his own soul: he that keepeth understanding shall find good." 

Gen.42:2
"And he said, Behold, I have heard that there is corn in Egypt: get you down thither, and buy for us from thence; that we may live, and not die."


 Golden Eyes
by James L. Amos / Corbis
Gokstadt
Close-Up of a Poinsettia Leaf
by George D. Lepp


Chess:  "Northumberland" "Potter" "Hand" "Old McDonald"  "Corn" "Viking" "Norse""Gokstadt" "Botero"

GoKstad ship

The Gokstad ship is a Viking ship found in a burial mound at Gokstad farm in Sandar, Sandefjord, Vestfold, Norway.

Discovery

The place where the boat was found, situated on arable land, had long been named Gokstadhaugen or Kongshaugen (from the Old Norse words kóngr meaning king and haugr meaning mound), although the relevance of its name had been discounted as folklore, as other sites in Norway bear similar names. Shortly after the 1880 New Year the sons of the owner of Gokstad Farm, having heard of the legends surrounding the site, uncovered the bow of a boat and its painter while digging in the still frozen ground. As word of the find got out, Nicolay Nicolaysen, the then President of the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments, reached the site on 6 February 1880 and, having ascertained that the find was indeed that of an ancient artefact, liaised for the digging to be stopped.[1]
Nicolaysen returned on March 27 and established that the mound still measured 50 metres by 43 metres, although its height had been diminished down to 5 metres by constant years of ploughing. With his team, he began excavating the mound from the side rather than from the top down, and on the second day of digging was surprised to find the bow of a ship.

Construction


Side view of the ship
The Gokstad ship is clinker-built, constructed largely of oak. The ship was not intended for long voyages but for warfare, trade, and transportation of people and cargo. The ship is 23.24 metres (76.2 ft) long and 5.20 m (17.1 ft) wide. It is the largest in the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. The ship was steered by a quarter rudder fastened to a large block of wood attached to the outside of the hull and supported by an extra stout rib. The block is known as the wart, and is fastened by osiers, knotted on the outside passed through both the rudder and wart to be firmly anchored in the ship.
The ship was built to carry 32 oarsmen, and the oar holes could be hatched down when the ship was under sail. It utilized a square sail of approximately 110 square metres (1,200 sq ft), which, it is estimated, could propel the ship to over 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). The mast could be raised and lowered. While the ship was traveling in shallow water, the rudder could be raised very quickly by undoing the fastening. Dendrochronological dating suggests that the ship was built of timber that was felled around 890 AD. The Gokstad ship was commissioned during the reign of Harald Fairhair at the end of the 9th century. The ship could carry a crew of 40 men but could carry a maximum of 70.[3]

Gokstad Viking ship excavation. Photographed in 1880
The ship's design has been demonstrated to be very seaworthy.

 



Friday, October 21, 2011

Maxim

Special K
Maxim's
Burger King
Prov.19:10
"Delight is not seemly for a fool; much less for a servant to have rule over princes."

 gray heron in flight
by clark davidw

Chess: "Special K " "Maxim's" "Burger King"

Thursday, October 20, 2011

Tigris

Trabajo
Sir T.
Mr. T.
Rocky Balboa
Scissors
Tigris
Prov.19:9
"A false witness shall not be unpunished, and he that speaketh lies shall perish." 
 Scissors

Chess: "Trabajo" ""Sir T" "Mr. T." "Rocky Balboa" "Scissors"  "Tigris" "Cas Walker"

Wednesday, October 19, 2011

Beowulf

Saga
Beowulf
Michael Alexander
Thames
Mississippi
Length
Short
Tongue 
Linguistics
Prov.19:7
"All the brethren of the poor do hate him: how much more do his friends go far from him? he pursueth them with words, yet they are wanting to him." 

 Chasing sunbeams
by lynnie 440
"Or the first snowdrop of the year that in my bosom lies"  TENNYSON : St. Agnes' Eve

Chess:  "Saga" "Beowulf"  "Michael Alexander" "Thames" "Mississippi" "Length" "Short" "Tongue "Linguistics"

Monday, October 17, 2011

Daniel

Daniel
Rueda
Rhodes
Wheels
Firestone
Prov.19:6
"Many will intreat the favour of the prince: and every man is a friend to him that giveth gifts."

 The Swing in Autumn
by Superstock

Chess: "Daniel" "Rueda" "Rhodes" "Wheels" "Firestone"

Hermes

Hermes
Miércoles
Wednesday
Messenger
Mercury
Prov.19:5
"A false witness shall not be unpunished, and he that speaketh lies shall not escape."

 Vegetarian Lasagne
by Jasmine 2455

 Cabin Retreat in Autumn
by Robert Llewellyn / Corbis

Chess:  "Hermes" "Miércoles" "Wednesday" "Mercury" "Messenger"

Saturday, October 15, 2011

GreenGoes!

GreenGoes ♥




Washington Redskins

Washington Redskins
Little Big Horn
Cavalry
Trumpet
Don
Elephant
Hannibal
Chitré
Cartagena
Prov.19:4
"Wealth maketh many friends; but the poor is separated from his neighbour."

 Abandoned Home on the Prairie
by Kelly Redinger / Corbis


Autumn Color, Rosseau River, Muskota Region, Ontario
by Andrew McLachlan / Corbis
 Chess: "Washington Redskins" "Little Big Horn" "Cavalry" "Trumpet" "Don" "Elephant" " Hannibal" "Chitré" "Cartagena"

Pink Floyd

Pink Floyd
Lazarus
LaRosa
Road
Read
Original Sin
Prov.19:3
"The foolishness of man perverteth his way: and his heart fretteth against the LORD."

 Cathedral of St.Basil, Moscow, Russia
by Roger Ressmeyer / Corbis
Chess: "Pink Floyd"  "Lazarus" "LaRosa" "Russia" "Road" "Read" "Original Sin" 

Altamira

Altamira
Assimilation
Cave
Cueva
Carlsbad
Boquerones
Prov.19:2
"Also, that the soul be without knowledge, it is not good; and he that hasteth with his feet sinneth."







Chess: "Altamira" "Assimilation" "Cave" "Cueva" "Carlsbad" "Boquerones"

Steve Jobs

Genie
Genial
Apple
Abel
Hebrews
Steve Jobs
Luis Fishman
Orogenital
Prov.19:1
"Better is the poor that walketh in his integrity, than he that is perverse in his lips, and is a fool."

School of Fish and Corals, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Florida
by Stephen Frink / Corbis






























Chess:  "Genie" "Hebrews" "Genial" "Abel" "Steve Jobs" "Apple" "Luis Fishman" "Orogenital"

Friday, October 14, 2011

Plains of Abraham

Plains of Abraham
Great Plains
Grandes Llanos
Psalm 27:11
"Teach me thy way, O LORD, and lead me in a plain path, because of mine enemies."



Chess: "Plains of Abraham" "Great Plains" "Grandes Llanos"

Plains of Abraham : a plain near  Quebec, scene of a battle of the French and Indian War (1759) in which the British under Wolfe defeated the French under Montcalm.

Friday, October 7, 2011

Endless Love

Endless Love
Manchester United
Feedback
Blue Ribbon
Helm
Turing & Wiener
Timón
Prov. 20:30 
 "The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly. "

 Albufeira at Night, Portugal
by Superstock

Jaclyn Swedberg

Chess: "Endless Love" "Manchester United" "Feedback" "Helm" "Turing & Wiener" "Blue Ribbon""Timón"
 Norbert Wiener

Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894, Columbia, Missouri – March 18, 1964, Stockholm, Sweden) was an American mathematician.
A famous child prodigy, Wiener later became an early researcher in stochastic and noise processes, contributing work relevant to electronic engineering, electronic communication, and control systems.
Wiener is regarded as the originator of cybernetics, a formalization of the notion of feedback, with many implications for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, philosophy, and the organization of society.

Alan Turing 

Alan Mathison Turing, 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954), was an English mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist. He was highly influential in the development of computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of "algorithm" and "computation" with the Turing machine, which played a significant role in the creation of the modern computer.[1][2] Turing is widely considered to be the father of computer science and artificial intelligence. 

During the Second World War, Turing worked for the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre. For a time he was head of Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including the method of the bombe, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine. After the war he worked at the National Physical Laboratory, where he created one of the first designs for a stored-program computer, the ACE.
Towards the end of his life Turing became interested in mathematical biology. He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of morphogenesis,[4] and he predicted oscillating chemical reactions such as the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, which were first observed in the 1960s.

Roman

Via Romana
Appian Way
Steelyard
Orosi
Mistral
Prov.21:2
"Every way of a man is right in his own eyes: but the LORD pondereth the hearts." 


 frog flower big
by pasteltulips 2882
Chess: "Roman" "Via Appia" "Steelyard""Orosi" "Mistral"

Tuesday, October 4, 2011

"M"

 M
Green
Emerald
Vermont
Gramática
Rhododendrons
Gen.2:17
"But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die."

 Jenne's Farm in Autumn, Vermont
by Lonely Planet/ Superstock

Mabry Mill and Rhododendrons, Blue Ridge Parkway, Virginia


Mabry Mill and Rhododendrons, Blue Ridge Parkway, Virginia
by Minden Pictures/ Superstock
  
Emerald Lake, Near Skagway, Alaska
by Dan Leffel
 Chess: "M" "Emerald" "Green" "Gramática" "Vermont" "Rhododendrons"

Sunday, October 2, 2011

Gramática

Cortesía de :

Logo La Nación en Internet 


La presidente
Víctor Hurtado 24 septiembre, 2011  12:00 a.m.
Se ha hecho frecuente escribir y decir "la presidenta". ¿Es gramatical esta locución? No; según el sistema de los géneros gramaticales, es ajena al idioma castellano. Lo adecuado al sistema es "la presidente".
 Ahora diferenciemos lo gramatical de lo social; a veces, ambos campos se separan, y, con el tiempo, uno puede modificar al otro, y viceversa. Así pues, separemos la explicación en 1) el campo gramatical y en 2) el campo social.
 En el campo gramatical, la expresión correcta (o propia del sistema) es "la presidente" porque 'presidente' es una palabra que carece de género masculino o femenino. Se dice que corresponde al "género común"; es decir, es común a mujeres y hombres.
 Otras palabras similares son 'hablante', 'estudiante', 'saliente', etc. Todas estas palabras terminan en la desinencia '-nte' y son "participios activos" o "participios presentes".

Todos los verbos presentan esa forma: de 'hablar', 'hablante'; de 'salir', 'saliente', etc. Estos participios aluden a la persona, al animal o la cosa que realiza la acción del verbo. Si el verbo es 'oír', quien realiza esta acción es el oyente o la oyente (hombre o mujer, o animal hembra o animal macho). Se dice "participio activo" porque denota acción.

Habría que aclarar algunas palabras terminan en '-nte', pero no son participios activos: 'puente', 'diente', 'elefante', 'atorrante' (argentinismo), etc.

 También existen curiosidades, como participios que pasaron solos al castellano y que "dejaron atrás" toda su conjugación; es decir, la conjugación se quedó en el latín, idioma original de tales verbos. Veamos unos casos: 'gerente' (de 'gerere', dirigir, manejar), 'detergente' (de 'detergere', limpiar puliendo), 'ambiente' (de 'ambire', rodear), 'caliente' (de 'calere', calentar), 'suficiente' (de 'sufficere', bastar) y 'cliente' (de 'clinare', inclinarse). El verbo 'videre' dio nuestro infinitivo 'ver' y nuestro participio activo 'vidente'.

 Volviendo al género común de los participios activos, recordemos casos usuales: "la Bella Durmiente", "mente pensante", "respuesta cortante", "causa suficiente", etc. Todas estas locuciones incluyen un substantivo femenino y un participio activo común (ni femenino ni masculino) que termina en '-nte'.

Por tanto, lo normal en el sistema español es que la persona que presida sea 'presidente': "el presidente" y "la presidente". No decimos "la durmienta"; entonces, tampoco debemos decir "la presidenta". ¿Escribirá alguien "la presidenta salienta"?

 Ahora bien, ¿hay excepciones usuales? Sí, y algunas son muy antiguas, como estas: 'clienta', 'regenta', 'dependienta', 'sirvienta', 'parturienta' (en vez de 'parturiente') e 'infanta' (niña que, por ser muy pequeña, aún no habla). ¿A qué se deben esas excepciones? A la ignorancia.

La mayor parte de la gente no sabe cómo funciona el sistema de los géneros gramaticales, de modo que a algunas personas se les ocurrió que 'sirvienta' es la forma femenina "lógica" de 'sirviente'. Todavía no se atreven con "la Bella Durmienta", pero tal vez se generalice esta novedad.

Decir que la ignorancia es el origen de algunos cambios no es ofensivo porque fue y es la realidad. Un erudito medieval castellano nunca habría dicho "la infanta" (sino "la infante"), pero sí lo decía el pueblo, generalmente analfabeto entonces, y esta forma se extendió y pasó como herencia.

Aquellas formas anormales pasan al uso general y a la literatura, y entran en el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (DRAE), que ahora tiene la puerta muy ancha.

 Detengámonos en el caso de "la presidenta": ¿a qué se debe que una persona use esta locución? A alguna de estas causas:

 1. Ignorancia. La persona ignora el sistema de los géneros gramaticales.

2. Indolencia. A la persona le da lo mismo decir "la presidente" que "la presidenta" porque carece de sensibilidad lingüística, pero al final se adecúa (o 'adecua') al uso de los otros.

3. Presión social. La persona se siente intimidada por la condena social que recae sobre el machismo pues se supone que es machista decir "la presidente" (culpa indemostrada e indemostrable).

 4. Convicción feminista. La persona cree que es machista decir "la presidente" como cree también que lo es decir "la poetisa" (y dice "la poeta").

 Estos cuatro casos (y puede haber más) ya no son propiamente asuntos gramaticales; es decir, ya no atañen al sistema "interno" de un idioma (su conjugación, su forma de crear plurales, su ortografía, etc.).

 Aquellos casos pertenecen al dominio de la sociolingüística; o sea, a la disciplina que estudia los factores sociales que influyen en las variaciones de los idiomas según sean las edades, las clases sociales, las épocas, los lugares (región, país, ciudad/campo, etc.), etc. No toda la gente habla de igual modo, y sus variaciones dependen de su edad, su educación, su lugar de residencia, etc.
La sociolingüística no es normativa; es decir, no nos indica qué es correcto o incorrecto en el uso de un idioma. La sociolingüística es descriptiva: explica cómo habla o escribe la gente de tal lugar, las personas de cierta edad, etc.
 Así, la sociolingüística es la ciencia indicada para explicarnos por qué ha prosperado una rareza agramatical como "la presidenta". En mi opinión, ha prosperado por los cuatro motivos expresados antes.
 ¿Debemos emplear la locución "la presidenta"? La respuesta cae en el dominio del gusto personal. Yo nunca digo ni escribo "la presidenta" ni "la poeta" porque me parecen locuciones agramaticales que además no necesito para expresarme con claridad, ni me siento menos feminista por esto. Ejerzo el feminismo desde hace 45 años, o tal vez desde antes sin haberme dado cuenta de ello porque entonces tenía el impulso, pero me faltaban las lecturas.
 Pienso que el idioma español es machista por herencia del latín y que debemos mejorarlo en algunos aspectos (por ejemplo, no debemos decir "el hombre" cuando nos refiramos a hombres y a mujeres), pero no me agrada destruir el sistema de los géneros gramaticales con la curiosa desinencia '-nta'.  A veces, saber que "así habla la gente" me produce solidaridad y me sumo a ello; otras veces, el uso mayoritario me suscita bostezos.
 En todo caso, sea que digamos o no digamos "la presidenta", es importante que tomemos una decisión con conocimiento de causa: sabiendo qué hay detrás de tal rareza.
Podemos estar dentro o fuera del sistema de un idioma, mas es esencial que sepamos cómo funciona. Quien rompe las reglas debe conocerlas antes pues, en el caso contrario, no las rompe, sino que el roto es él porque anda a ciegas tropezando con los muebles del lenguaje.